{"id":3842,"date":"2015-06-17T16:00:28","date_gmt":"2015-06-17T08:00:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.writtenchinese.com\/?p=3842"},"modified":"2022-06-03T21:49:27","modified_gmt":"2022-06-03T13:49:27","slug":"renshi-vs-zhidao-knowing-when-to-use-renshi-and-zhidao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.writtenchinese.com\/renshi-vs-zhidao-knowing-when-to-use-renshi-and-zhidao\/","title":{"rendered":"\u8ba4\u8bc6 vs \u77e5\u9053: Knowing When To Use ‘renshi’ and ‘zhidao’"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

This is the second article in our series of blog posts focusing on specific characters or grammar patterns that can often confuse learners of Chinese. This post focuses on the two bigrams<\/a>, \u8ba4\u8bc6 (r\u00e8n shi) and \u77e5\u9053 (zh\u012b dao).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

First, let\u2019s take a look at the dictionary definitions of \u8ba4\u8bc6 (r\u00e8n shi) and \u77e5\u9053 (zh\u012b dao):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8ba4\u8bc6<\/a> (r\u00e8n shi): to know \/ to recognize \/ to be familiar with \/ to get acquainted with sb \/ knowledge \/ understanding \/ awareness \/ cognition<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u77e5\u9053<\/a> (zh\u012b dao): know \/ be aware of<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8ba4\u8bc6 (r\u00e8n shi) is most commonly used to imply familiarity with another person, place or object through a previous experience.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u77e5\u9053 (zh\u012b dao) suggests knowledge of a person, place or object, but has never been introduced to the person or been to the place physically.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One way to remember how to use these bigrams is to look more closely at the characters. Let\u2019s begin with \u8ba4\u8bc6 (r\u00e8n shi).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8ba4\u8bc6\/\u8a8d\u8b58 (r\u00e8n shi)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u8ba4 (r\u00e8n) – to recognize \/ to know \/ to admit<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

To understand the original meaning of the character \u8ba4<\/a> (r\u00e8n) we look at the traditional character: \u8a8d<\/a> (r\u00e8n). The character\u2019s meaning was \u2018to accept something reluctantly\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The simplified character looks very different, but I remember this character by taking the radical \u8ba0<\/a>(y\u00e1n), the speech radical and the \u4eba<\/a> (r\u00e9n), the person radical and imagining that on seeing the \u2018man\u2019, I admit that I know him<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8bc6 (sh\u00ed\/shi) – to know \/ knowledge<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u8b58<\/a> (sh\u00ed) is the traditional character of \u8bc6<\/a> (sh\u00ed) and once referred to identifying the origin of weapons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8bc6 (sh\u00ed) now combines the same \u8ba0<\/a> (y\u00e1n) radical as in \u8ba4 (r\u00e8n), together with \u53ea<\/a> (zh\u01d0) (made up of \u53e3 and \u516b radicals) meaning \u2018only\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u77e5\u9053 (zh\u012b dao)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u77e5\u9053 (zh\u012b dao) can also be explained by breaking down the characters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u77e5 (zh\u012b) – to know<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The radicals of the character are \u77e2<\/a> (sh\u01d0) meaning arrow and \u53e3<\/a> (k\u01d2u) meaning mouth. In ancient China, this character was used to describe men gathering to have a \u2018discussion about hunting\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To remember this character, I take a more figurative approach than this traditional translation. If you are able to speak (\u53e3) quickly (\u77e2) about it, you must \u2018know\u2019 about the subject.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9053 (d\u00e0o) – direction \/ way \/ road \/ path<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u9053 (d\u00e0o) shows a pictograph of a head which has often been used to mean chief. Originally, the meaning of this character meant \u2018to guide\u2019. \u9996<\/a> (sh\u01d2u) combined with \u8fb6<\/a> (chu\u00f2) meaning to walk, suggests that the \u2018guide\u2019 will show you the right direction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Combining these two characters suggests that you \u2018know\u2019 the right path but have yet to travel it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Now, let\u2019s look at 2 example sentences using \u8ba4\u8bc6 (r\u00e8n shi) and \u77e5\u9053 (zh\u012b dao):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

(1) \u6211\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4ed6\u3002<\/a>(w\u01d2 r\u00e8n shi t\u0101)= I know him.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

(2) \u6211\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u3002<\/a>(w\u01d2 zh\u012b dao t\u0101)= I heard about him. (or I know of him)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the object is a person, the use of \u8ba4\u8bc6 (r\u00e8n shi) implies that people know each other, and have met each other before.
However, using \u77e5\u9053 (zh\u012b dao) in this case suggests that he is known by reputation, \u2018he\u2019 could be famous, or you have heard of him before, and so you \u2018know\u2019 that this person exists.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Now, let\u2019s look at using \u8ba4\u8bc6 (r\u00e8n shi) and \u77e5\u9053 (zh\u012b dao) when the object is a place:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

(3) \u6211\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u6211\u4ee5\u524d\u6765\u8fc7\u3002<\/a>(w\u01d2 r\u00e8n shi zh\u00e8 ge d\u00ec fang, w\u01d2 y\u01d0 qi\u00e1n l\u00e1i gu\u00f2.)= I know the place, I have been there before.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

(4) \u6211\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u6211\u670b\u53cb\u7ed9\u6211\u63a8\u8350\u8fc7\u3002<\/a>(w\u01d2 zh\u012b dao zh\u00e8 ge d\u00ec fang, w\u01d2 p\u00e9ng you g\u011bi w\u01d2 tu\u012b ji\u00e0n gu\u00f2.) = I know of the place, my friend recommended it to me before.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Similarly to when the object is a person, \u8ba4\u8bc6 (r\u00e8n shi) means that \u2018I\u2019 have been there before and have a previous memory of it.
\u77e5\u9053 (zh\u012b dao) implies that \u2018I\u2019 know of that place because I have heard about it, but have never visited and have no empirical proof that it exists.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Finally, lets see how we use these bigrams when the object is a fact:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

(5) \u4ed6\u7ec8\u4e8e\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u5371\u9669\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/a>(t\u0101 zh\u014dng y\u00fa r\u00e8n shi d\u00e0o z\u00ec j\u01d0 su\u01d2 mi\u00e0n l\u00edn de w\u0113i xi\u01cen sh\u00ec sh\u00e9n me.) = He eventually realized the dangers he faced.*<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the object is fact, \u5230<\/a> (d\u00e0o) is always used after \u8ba4\u8bc6 (r\u00e8n shi). This means that the person came to realize or became aware of something.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*\u77e5\u9053 (zh\u012b dao) can also be used here, but the meaning is a little different.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To summarize:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u8ba4\u8bc6 (r\u00e8n shi) is used when a subject has knowledge of someone or something based on empirical evidence.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u77e5\u9053 (zh\u012b dao) is used when the subject knows \u2018of\u2019 somebody or something, but has never met the person or seen the place physically.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you have a question about confusing characters or grammar, leave us a comment below!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

This is the second article in our series of blog posts focusing on specific characters or grammar patterns that can often confuse learners of Chinese. This post focuses on the two bigrams, \u8ba4\u8bc6 (r\u00e8n shi) and \u77e5\u9053 (zh\u012b dao). First, let\u2019s take a look at the dictionary definitions of \u8ba4\u8bc6 (r\u00e8n shi) and \u77e5\u9053 (zh\u012b… Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3843,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[142,3],"tags":[259,233],"class_list":["use-editor no-single","post-3842","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-learner-tips","tag-beginners","tag-grammar"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u8ba4\u8bc6 vs \u77e5\u9053: Knowing When To Use 'renshi' and 'zhidao'<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How do you say 'I know' in Chinese? 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