{"id":4840,"date":"2016-01-15T18:23:07","date_gmt":"2016-01-15T10:23:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.writtenchinese.com\/?p=4840"},"modified":"2022-06-03T18:30:09","modified_gmt":"2022-06-03T10:30:09","slug":"simple-guide-to-chinese-sentences-structure","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.writtenchinese.com\/simple-guide-to-chinese-sentences-structure\/","title":{"rendered":"A Simple Guide to Chinese Sentences: Structure"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

A Chinese sentence may be either a simple sentence or a complex sentence, made of more than 2 simple sentences. To begin with, let\u2019s talk about simple sentences and the components that make them:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Simple Sentence Pattern<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A simple sentence will usually include at least two parts, the subject, and predicate. A common sentence structure is in three parts: subject + predicate (verb) + object.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unlike English, most of the time in a simple Chinese sentence, the predicate is a verb, although sometimes it can be an adjective. For this guide, we will refer to the predicate as a verb, unless stated otherwise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This is known as the trunk<\/strong> of a simple sentence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trunk Examples<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

(\u6211) \u7684\u5988\u5988 [\u5df2\u7ecf] \u53bb <\u8fc7> (\u4f60) \u7684\u5b66\u6821\u4e86\u3002<\/a> My mother has been to your school.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The trunk<\/strong> of this sentence is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5988\u5988 + \u53bb + \u5b66\u6821
subject + verb + object<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Simple sentence components<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Although subject + verb + object is the main part of a sentence, simple Chinese sentences can be made up of the following 6 components:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Subject \u4e3b\u8bed<\/a> (zh\u01d4 y\u01d4): a person or thing that is being discussed, described, or dealt with.
Predicate \u8c13\u8bed<\/a> (w\u00e8i y\u01d4): part of a sentence containing a verb that relates to the subject.
Object \u5bbe\u8bed<\/a> (b\u012bn y\u01d4): a noun governed by a verb.
Attributive \u5b9a\u8bed <\/a>(d\u00ecng y\u01d4): modifies an adjective or noun.
Adverb \u72b6\u8bed<\/a> (zhu\u00e0ng y\u01d4): modifies or qualifies an adjective, or verb expressing a relation of place, time, circumstance, manner, cause, degree, etc
Complement \u8865\u8bed <\/a>(b\u01d4 y\u01d4): complete the meaning of the predicate (verb).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Simple Sentence Examples<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Subject + Verb + Object<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The subject, predicate (verb) and object are the major components of every sentence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u7231\u4ed6 <\/a>(w\u01d2 \u00e0i t\u0101) I love him<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Chinese<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Subject + Adverb + Verb + Object<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u53ea\u7231\u4ed6<\/a> (w\u01d2 zh\u01d0 \u00e0i t\u0101) I only love him<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Chinese<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Subject + Adverb + Verb + Attributive + Object<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u53ea\u7231\u6211\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d\u7684\u4ed6<\/a> (w\u01d2 zh\u01d0 \u00e0i w\u01d2 j\u00ec y\u00ec zh\u00f2ng d\u00ec t\u0101) I only love my memories of him.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Chinese<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Subject + Adverb + Verb + Complement + Object<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u4ee5\u524d\u7231\u8fc7\u4ed6<\/a> (w\u01d2 y\u01d0 qi\u00e1n \u00e0i gu\u00f2 t\u0101) I loved him before.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Chinese<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Sentence Order<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Let’s look at a simple Chinese sentence in more detail and break down each component and how to use them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The following sentence shows all 6 components in the correct sentence order:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(\u5b9a\u8bed) \u4e3b\u8bed [\u72b6\u8bed] \u8c13\u8bed <\u8865\u8bed> (\u5b9a\u8bed) \u5bbe\u8bed\u3002<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Attrib) Subject [Adv] Verb (Attrib) Object.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chamcen told me that When she was at school, the teachers taught the students to separate each component using mathematical equations to help them remember each part of the sentence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here are the symbols they used:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Subject (\u4e3b\u8bed) with \u2018 = \u2018
Predicate\/Verb (\u8c13\u8bed) with \u2018 – \u2018
Object (\u5bbe\u8bed) with \u2018 ~ \u2018
Attributive (\u5b9a\u8bed) with \u2018 ( ) \u2018
Adverb (\u72b6\u8bed) with \u2018 [ ] \u2018
Complement (\u8865\u8bed) with \u2018 < > \u2018<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is an example of a sentence using the symbols to separate each component:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Note that auxiliary words<\/strong> \u52a9\u8bcd<\/a> (zh\u00f9 c\u00ed) such as \u201c\u7684, \u5730, \u5f97, \u7740, \u4e86, and \u8fc7\u201d are not marked as sentence components.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Chinese<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


\u65b0\u9c9c\u7684\u6c34\u679c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u4ece\u56fd\u5916\u9001\u8fdb\u519c\u8d38\u5e02\u573a\u3002<\/a>(x\u012bn xi\u0101n de shu\u01d0 gu\u01d2 b\u00f9 du\u00e0n de c\u00f3ng gu\u00f3 w\u00e0i s\u00f2ng j\u00ecn n\u00f3ng m\u00e0o sh\u00ec ch\u01ceng.) The fresh fruit has been sent to the farm products market continuously.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here’s a breakdown of each component in this sentence:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Subject ‘ = ‘ is sb\/sth stated. In the eg, it is \u6c34\u679c (fruit).
Predicate ‘ – ‘ is action. In this eg, the verb is \u9001 (sent).
Object ‘ ~ ‘ is sb\/sth that the action affects. In the eg, the object is \u5e02\u573a (market).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We will now look at attributives, adverbs, and complements in more detail:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Attributives in Chinese Sentences<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

An attributive<\/strong> ‘ ( ) ‘ is an additional component of the subject (\u4e3b\u8bed) and object (\u5bbe\u8bed) to modify. In this eg, the attributives are \u65b0\u9c9c (Fresh) and \u519c\u8d38 (farm trader).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The position of such attributives<\/strong> should be before the subject, in this case, \u6c34\u679c (fruit), and the object, which is \u5e02\u573a (market).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between the attributive and the subject and object, is the ‘\u7684’ particle. \u7684 is the mark of an attributive, although the \u2018\u7684\u2019 particle is not used for some attributives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Examples of attributives with the \u7684 particle<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\uff08\u7f8e\u597d\uff09\u7684\u65f6\u5149\u603b\u662f\u8fc7\u5f97\u5f88\u5feb\u3002 <\/a>( (m\u011bi h\u01ceo) de sh\u00ed gu\u0101ng z\u01d2ng sh\u00ec gu\u00f2 de h\u011bn ku\u00e0i.) Good times always go by quickly. (Time flies when you\u2019re having fun)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff08\u684c\u5b50\u4e0a\uff09\u7684\u82b1\u5f00\u4e86\u3002<\/a>( (zhu\u014d zi sh\u00e0ng) de hu\u0101 k\u0101i le) The flowers on the table blossomed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An example of attributives (without \u7684)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u4ed6\u559c\u6b22\u4e0a\u4e86\uff08\u90a3\u4e2a\uff09\uff08\u7ea2\u5934\u53d1\uff09\u5973\u5b69\u3002<\/a>(t\u0101 x\u01d0 huan sh\u00e0ng le (n\u00e8i g\u00e8) (h\u00f3ng t\u00f3u fa) n\u01da h\u00e1i.) He is falling in love with that red-haired girl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Adverbs in Chinese Sentences<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Adverbs<\/strong> ‘ [ ] ‘ are additional components of a predicate (clause with a verb), used to modify the verb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The position of the adverb<\/strong> should be before the verb<\/strong>. Generally, the adverb is between the subject and the verb, but sometimes it can be placed before the subject.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between the adverb and verb, there is sometimes a \u5730<\/a> (de) particle. \u5730 modifies the adverb to become ‘ verb + ly ‘.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Adverb Examples<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u4ed6[\u5feb\u901f]\u5730\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u76d2\u5b50\u3002<\/a>(t\u0101 ku\u00e0i s\u00f9 de d\u01ce k\u0101i le h\u00e9 zi.) He opened the box quickly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ed6[\u603b\u662f]\u5199\u4fe1\u7ed9\u6211\u3002<\/a>(t\u0101 z\u01d2ng sh\u00ec xi\u011b x\u00ecn g\u011bi w\u01d2.) He always wrote letters to me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Complements in Chinese Sentences<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

A complement<\/strong> ‘ < > ‘ is another component of a verb and is mostly used for explanations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The complement<\/strong> should be after a verb or an object.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Complement Examples<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u7ed5\u7740\u64cd\u573a\u8dd1\u4e86<\u4e94\u5708>\u3002<\/a>(xu\u00e9 sheng men r\u00e0o zhe c\u0101o ch\u01ceng p\u01ceo le w\u01d4 qu\u0101n.) The students ran 5 laps around the playground.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u5403<\u5b8c>\u665a\u996d\u4e86\u3002<\/a>(w\u01d2 y\u01d0 j\u012bng ch\u012b w\u00e1n w\u01cen f\u00e0n le\uff09I have already finished my supper.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9e1f\u513f\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u98de\u7fd4<\u5728\u84dd\u5929\u4e2d>\u3002<\/a>(ni\u01ceor z\u00ec y\u00f3u f\u0113i xi\u00e1ng z\u00e0i l\u00e1n ti\u0101n zh\u014dng.) The bird flew freely in the blue sky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Test Your Understand of Chinese Sentence Structures<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Exercise 1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Use = – ~ () [] <> to mark the sentence components:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6240\u6709\u540c\u5b66\u90fd\u505a\u5b8c\u4e86\u6570\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e1a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Exercise 2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Find the trunk of the sentence:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fd9\u4f4d\u7f8e\u4e3d\u7684\u5973\u58eb\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u533b\u9662\u8457\u540d\u7684\u7259\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This beautiful lady is a famous dentist in our hospital.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Post the answers<\/strong> to the exercises in the comments below and we’ll give you the answers shortly!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A Chinese sentence may be either a simple sentence or a complex sentence, made of more than 2 simple sentences. To begin with, let\u2019s talk about simple sentences and the components that make them: Simple Sentence Pattern A simple sentence will usually include at least two parts, the subject, and predicate. A common sentence structure… Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4855,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[142,3],"tags":[296,297,298],"class_list":["use-editor no-single","post-4840","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-learner-tips","tag-adverbs","tag-attributives","tag-complements"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nA Simple Guide to Chinese Sentences: Structure<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Here's the first of our new series on mastering the structure of Chinese sentences. 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