{"id":5405,"date":"2016-05-18T15:54:15","date_gmt":"2016-05-18T07:54:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.writtenchinese.com\/?p=5405"},"modified":"2022-06-05T13:55:37","modified_gmt":"2022-06-05T05:55:37","slug":"hows-whys-chinese-ba-particle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.writtenchinese.com\/hows-whys-chinese-ba-particle\/","title":{"rendered":"The Hows and Whys of the Chinese \u628a b\u01ce Particle"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The \u628a<\/a> (b\u01ce) particle marks the noun that follows it in a sentence as a direct object. This kind of sentence is known as \u628a\u5b57\u53e5<\/a> (b\u01ce z\u00ec j\u00f9). Furthermore, the \u628a<\/a> (b\u01ce) particle emphasises the object, and suggests that some action needs to be taken care of. The result of the action has to come after the \u628a (b\u01ce) particle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the biggest questions you\u2019re probably all thinking about asking is \u2018why do I need to use this particle?\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Well here\u2019s why. Although most of the time we use the sentence pattern:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Subject + verb + object<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are times, when this sentence pattern can not properly explain the action that the speaker wants to describe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For example, you want to ask someone to wash the dishes for you. If you don\u2019t use the  \u628a<\/a> (b\u01ce) particle, then the sentence would look like this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Could you please wash the dishes?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f60\u6d17\u4e00\u4e0b\u7897\u5427<\/a>\u3002(n\u01d0 x\u01d0 y\u012b xi\u00e0 w\u01cen ba)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This sentence is just a suggestion, as shown by the use of the other \u2018ba\u2019 particle, \u5427 (ba). You can learn more about the \u5427<\/a> (ba) particle in The Complete Guide to Modal Particles<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when using the \u628a<\/a> (b\u01ce) particle, the emphasis is on the action that needs to take place to the object, which are the dishes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f60\u628a\u7897\u6d17\u4e00\u4e0b\u5427<\/a>\u3002(n\u01d0 b\u01ce w\u01cen x\u01d0 y\u012b xi\u00e0 ba.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this case, the normal pattern of subject + verb + object<\/b> is replaced with<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Subject + \u628a + object + verb<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The position of the object within the sentence has changed to add emphasis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Let\u2019s take a closer look at the main features of the \u628a<\/a> (b\u01ce) particle, and how to use it properly within a sentence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are four features of \u628a\u5b57\u53e5<\/a> (b\u01ce z\u00ec j\u00f9):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. The Object after the \u628a<\/a> (b\u01ce) particle is known<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The object that comes after the \u628a<\/a> (b\u01ce) particle is usually known by both the speaker and listener. This means that sometimes pronouns such as \u8fd9<\/a> (zh\u00e8), \u90a3<\/a> (n\u00e0), \u8fd9\u4e9b<\/a> (zh\u00e8 xi\u0113) and \u90a3\u4e9b<\/a> (n\u00e0 xi\u0113) and other modifiers can be added before the object. The object can also be a general object, well known or a proper noun, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u628a\u90a3\u672c\u4e66\u4e70\u4e86<\/a>\u3002(w\u01d2 b\u01ce n\u00e0 b\u011bn sh\u016b m\u01cei le) = I bought that book.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fd9\u51e0\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u628a\u5468\u8fb9\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u73a9\u904d\u4e86<\/a>\u3002(zh\u00e8 j\u01d0 ni\u00e1n, w\u01d2 b\u01ce zh\u014du bi\u0101n de j\u01d0 ge gu\u00f3 ji\u0101 d\u014du w\u00e1n bi\u00e0n le) = In the last few years, I have travelled around several different countries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Object + Verb<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The verb in the \u628a\u5b57\u53e5<\/a> (b\u01ce z\u00ec j\u00f9) should be a transitive verb, which means the verb (doing word) needs an object to make sense grammatically. Because of this, an intransitive verb, one that does not need an object, such as \u662f<\/a> (sh\u00ec), \u6709<\/a> (y\u01d2u), \u5c5e<\/a>\u4e8e<\/a> (sh\u01d4 y\u00fa), \u559c\u6b22<\/a> (x\u01d0 huan) , \u77e5\u9053<\/a> (zh\u012b dao) and \u8ba4\u8bc6<\/a> (r\u00e8n shi), CANNOT be used in a \u628a\u5b57\u53e5<\/a> (b\u01ce z\u00ec j\u00f9).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u770b\u89c1\u4e86\u4ed6<\/a>\u3002\u221a  (w\u01d2 k\u00e0n ji\u00e0n le t\u0101)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u628a\u4ed6\u770b\u89c1\u4e86<\/a>\u3002 \u00d7 (w\u01d2 b\u01ce t\u0101 k\u00e0n ji\u00e0n le)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 = I saw him.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Verbs + Modifiers in \u628a<\/a> (b\u01ce) Sentences<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

There is usually another element that comes after the verb in a \u628a\u5b57\u53e5<\/a> (b\u01ce z\u00ec j\u00f9), to express a result, especially for a monosyllabic verb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u5979\u8bf4\u7684\u8bdd\u628a\u5979\u7684\u5988\u5988\u6c14\u574f\u4e86<\/a>\u3002(t\u0101 shu\u014d de hu\u00e0 b\u01ce t\u0101 de m\u0101 ma q\u00ec hu\u00e0i le) = Her words made her mother furious.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If there is an adverbial modifier, which gives the result before the verb, then there is no other element after the verb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u4f60\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3<\/a>\u3002(n\u01d0 y\u012b d\u00ecng y\u00e0o b\u01ce zh\u00e8 ge w\u00e8n t\u00ed ji\u011b ju\u00e9.) = You must solve this problem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Negation and Adverbs in \u628a<\/a> (b\u01ce) Sentences<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

If there are any negative adverbs, adverbs of time or \u2018wish\u2019 verbs, they need to go in front of the \u628a<\/a> (b\u01ce) particle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6d88\u606f\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6<\/a>\uff1f(w\u00e8i sh\u00e9n me b\u00f9 b\u01ce zh\u00e8 ge xi\u0101o xi g\u00e0o su t\u0101?) = Why didn\u2019t you tell him this news?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ed6\u6628\u5929\u628a\u4f5c\u4e1a\u505a\u5b8c\u4e86<\/a>\u3002(t\u0101 zu\u00f3 ti\u0101n b\u01ce zu\u00f2 y\u00e8 zu\u00f2 w\u00e1n le) = He finished the homework yesterday.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u628a\u94b1\u8fd8\u7ed9\u5979<\/a>\u3002(n\u01d0 y\u012bng g\u0101i b\u01ce qi\u00e1n hu\u00e1n g\u011bi t\u0101) = You should return the money to her.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are additional rules for the \u628a<\/a> (b\u01ce) particle that I will outline here:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Omitting the \u628a<\/a> (b\u01ce) particle<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In some sentences, the \u628a<\/a> (b\u01ce) particle can be omitted because \u628a<\/a> (b\u01ce) is predominantly used to emphasize the status and results of the action.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u522b\u628a\u8863\u670d\u5230\u5904\u4e71\u6254<\/a>\u3002(bi\u00e9 b\u01ce y\u012b fu d\u00e0o ch\u00f9 lu\u00e0n r\u0113ng.) x<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u522b\u5230\u5904\u4e71\u6254\u8863\u670d<\/a>\u3002(bi\u00e9 d\u00e0o ch\u00f9 lu\u00e0n r\u0113ng y\u012b fu.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

= Don\u2019t throw the clothes everywhere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Occasionally, even when \u628a<\/a> (b\u01ce) can be used in a sentence, it can be changed into a subject-predicate sentence (subj+verb) or a single object + verb sentence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Examples:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u5979\u628a\u996d\u5403\u5b8c\u4e86<\/a>\u3002(t\u0101 b\u01ce f\u00e0n ch\u012b w\u00e1n le)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u996d\u5979\u5403\u5b8c\u4e86<\/a>\u3002(f\u00e0n t\u0101 ch\u012b w\u00e1n le)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

= She finished the meal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u628a\u725b\u5976\u653e\u8fdb\u51b0\u7bb1<\/a>\u3002(n\u01d0 y\u012bng g\u0101i b\u01ce ni\u00fa n\u01cei f\u00e0ng j\u00ecn b\u012bng xi\u0101ng.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u725b\u5976\uff0c\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u653e\u8fdb\u51b0\u7bb1<\/a>\u3002(ni\u00fa n\u01cei, n\u01d0 y\u012bng g\u0101i f\u00e0ng j\u00ecn b\u012bng xi\u0101ng.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

= You should put the milk back to the fridge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although technically, the second sentences are grammatically correct, they sound peculiar and do not flow like a normal sentence should.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \u628a<\/a> (b\u01ce) particle + Location<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In some sentences, when an object is defined, and there is \u201c\u5728<\/a>…(z\u00e0i)\u201d, \u201c\u5230<\/a>…(d\u00e0o)\u201d, \u201c\u6210<\/a>…(ch\u00e9ng)\u201d or another compound complement or locative object, \u628a<\/a> (b\u01ce) must be used. These sentences can also be turned into a subject-predicate sentence shown in the second example.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Examples:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u8bf7\u628a\u7bb1\u5b50\u653e\u5230\u8f66\u4e0a<\/a>\u3002(q\u01d0ng b\u01ce xi\u0101ng zi f\u00e0ng d\u00e0o ch\u0113 sh\u00e0ng)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7bb1\u5b50\uff0c\u8bf7\u653e\u5230\u8f66\u4e0a<\/a>\u3002(xi\u0101ng zi, q\u01d0ng f\u00e0ng d\u00e0o ch\u0113 sh\u00e0ng.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Please put the suitcase on top of the car.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u628a\u540d\u5b57\u5199\u5728\u8fd9\u513f<\/a>\u3002(n\u01d0 y\u012bng g\u0101i b\u01ce m\u00edng zi xi\u011b z\u00e0i zh\u00e8r.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u540d\u5b57\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u5199\u5728\u8fd9\u513f<\/a>\u3002(m\u00edng zi n\u01d0 y\u012bng g\u0101i xi\u011b z\u00e0i zh\u00e8r.) \u221a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f60<\/a>\u5e94\u8be5\u5199\u540d\u5b57\u5728\u8fd9\u513f<\/a>\u3002(n\u01d0 y\u012bng g\u0101i xi\u011b m\u00edng zi z\u00e0i zh\u00e8r.) \u00d7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

You should write the name here.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this last example, the character \u4f60<\/a> (n\u01d0) is used here as a subject, but this makes the sentence incorrect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u628a<\/a> (b\u01ce) Sentences With Two Objects<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

When there is a compound complement such as \u201c\u7ed9<\/a>\u2026(g\u011bi) \u201d or other double-object verb sentence, then we will use \u628a\u5b57\u53e5<\/a> (b\u01ce z\u00ec j\u00f9).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u4ed6\u628a\u90a3\u5f20\u7535\u5f71\u7968\u7ed9\u4e86\u6211<\/a>\u3002(t\u0101 b\u01ce n\u00e0 zh\u0101ng di\u00e0n y\u01d0ng pi\u00e0o g\u011bi le w\u01d2) = He gave me that movie ticket.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ed6\u628a\u6628\u5929\u501f\u8d70\u7684\u90a3\u628a\u96e8\u4f1e\u9001\u56de\u6765\u4e86<\/a>\u3002(t\u0101 b\u01ce zu\u00f3 ti\u0101n ji\u00e8 z\u01d2u de n\u00e0 b\u01ce y\u01d4 s\u01cen s\u00f2ng hu\u00ed lai le) He returned the umbrella that he has borrowed yesterday.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you have any questions or remarks about the \u628a (b\u01ce) particle, please leave them in the comment section below.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The \u628a (b\u01ce) particle marks the noun that follows it in a sentence as a direct object. This kind of sentence is known as \u628a\u5b57\u53e5 (b\u01ce z\u00ec j\u00f9). Furthermore, the \u628a (b\u01ce) particle emphasises the object, and suggests that some action needs to be taken care of. The result of the action has to come after the \u628a (b\u01ce) particle. One of… Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5406,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[142,3,215],"tags":[222,223],"class_list":["use-editor no-single","post-5405","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-learner-tips","category-questions-answered","tag-particle","tag-sentence"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe Hows and Whys of the Chinese \u628a b\u01ce Particle<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn why the \u628a (b\u01ce) particle is important in Chinese, and how to use it properly with example sentences and 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