{"id":5576,"date":"2016-07-08T12:32:20","date_gmt":"2016-07-08T04:32:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.writtenchinese.com\/?p=5576"},"modified":"2022-06-03T18:45:11","modified_gmt":"2022-06-03T10:45:11","slug":"the-different-uses-of-zai-in-chinese","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.writtenchinese.com\/the-different-uses-of-zai-in-chinese\/","title":{"rendered":"The Different Uses of \u5728 zai in Chinese"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The \u5728 (z\u00e0i) character has several different uses, and since it\u2019s a character that will appear soon after you begin learning Chinese, it\u2019s a good idea to get yourself accustomed to its different functions. Most of them have to do with location, as primarily, \u5728 (z\u00e0i) is used to express the phrase \u2018to be located\u2026\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here are some rules and sentence patterns to follow when using the \u5728 (z\u00e0i) character and also some advice on how not to use it:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Expressing location with \u5728 (z\u00e0i)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"zai<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The \u5728 (z\u00e0i) character can be used to indicate location and often be used to state \u2018to be located at\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

subject + \u5728 + place<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ed6\u5728\u5bb6<\/a>\u3002(t\u0101 z\u00e0i ji\u0101) He is at home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The negation for \u5728 (z\u00e0i) is \u4e0d\u5728<\/a> (b\u00fa z\u00e0i) :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5728\u5bb6<\/a>\u3002(t\u0101 b\u00fa z\u00e0i ji\u0101) He is not at home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728 (z\u00e0i) also functions as a preposition. It indicates locations where an action occurs. It is often used as \u2018at\u2019, \u2018in\u2019, \u2018on\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Indicating location with \u5728 (z\u00e0i) before verbs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"special<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

If you need to include the place where an action takes place, you can use \u5728 (z\u00e0i).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To indicate the location that a verb takes place in, \u5728 (z\u00e0i), followed by a location, comes before the verb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Subj. + \u5728 + Place + Verb + Obj.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are some verbs that do not follow the pattern above. These verbs include \u4f4f<\/a> (zh\u00f9), \u653e<\/a> (f\u00e0ng), \u5750<\/a> (zu\u00f2) and \u7ad9<\/a> (zh\u00e0n) and come after the verb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Subj. + [\u4f4f\/\u653e\/\u5750\/\u7ad9] + \u5728 + Location<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f60\u4f4f\u5728\u6df1\u5733\u5417<\/a>\uff1f(n\u01d0 zh\u00f9 z\u00e0i sh\u0113n zh\u00e8n ma?) Do you live in Shenzhen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Using \u5728 (z\u00e0i) and \u6b63\u5728 (zh\u00e8ng z\u00e0i) to suggest ongoing actions in the present<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\u5728<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u5728 (z\u00e0i) and \u6b63\u5728 (zh\u00e8ng z\u00e0i) can only be used with actions, not adjectival, stative or modal verbs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u54e5\u54e5\u5728\u6253\u7403<\/a>\u3002(g\u0113 ge z\u00e0i d\u01ce qi\u00fa) The older brother is playing with a ball.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u5728\u770b\u4e66\uff0c\u5988\u5988\u5728\u6d17\u7897<\/a>\u3002(w\u01d2 z\u00e0i k\u00e0n sh\u016b, m\u0101 ma z\u00e0i x\u01d0 w\u01cen) I am reading a book and mom is washing dishes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Using \u73b0\u5728 (xi\u00e0n z\u00e0i) in the present<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u73b0\u5728<\/a> (xi\u00e0n z\u00e0i) can be used when talking about actions occurring in the present.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6c7d\u6cb9\u6b63\u5728\u8d35\u4e86\u3002x<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6c7d\u6cb9\u73b0\u5728\u8d35\u4e86<\/a>\u3002\u221a (q\u00ec y\u00f3u xi\u00e0n z\u00e0i gu\u00ec le)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oil is expensive now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Using \u5728 (z\u00e0i) for decisions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u5728 (z\u00e0i) can sometimes be used to express an abstract idea. In this situation, \u5728 (z\u00e0i) is used to mean \u2018up to you\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53bb\u4e0d\u53bb<\/a>\u5728\u4f60<\/a>\u3002(q\u00f9 b\u00f9 q\u00f9 z\u00e0i n\u01d0) It is up to you if you go or not.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. \u5728 (z\u00e0i) to express the scope of something<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"zai<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In this case, \u5728 (z\u00e0i) is combined with \u65b9\u9762 (f\u0101ng mi\u00e0n) to make the phrase \u2018in the area of…\u2019 or \u2018on the topic of…\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728 + subject\/area + \u65b9\u9762 + comment<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u97f3\u4e50\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e2a\u5929\u624d<\/a>\u3002(z\u00e0i y\u012bn yu\u00e8 f\u0101ng mi\u00e0n, t\u0101 sh\u00ec g\u00e8 ti\u0101n c\u00e1i)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He is very talented musically.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. \u5728 (z\u00e0i) used to express existence and belief<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u5988\u5988\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5173\u5fc3\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728<\/a>\u3002(m\u0101 ma du\u00ec w\u01d2 men de gu\u0101n x\u012bn w\u00fa ch\u00f9 b\u00fa z\u00e0i.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mother was concerned about us in every way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Commonly seen errors when use \u5728 (z\u00e0i)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1. Wrong position.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"zai<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

When \u5728 (z\u00e0i) is used to express location or place there are several situations that can occur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a) When the action occurs in the place mentioned then \u5728 (z\u00e0i) should be used after the verb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Object + verb + \u5728 + place<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u676f\u5b50\u5728\u5730\u4e0a\u6454\u788e\u3002\u00d7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u676f\u5b50\u6454\u788e\u5728\u5730\u4e0a<\/a>\u3002\u221a (b\u0113i zi shu\u0101i su\u00ec z\u00e0i d\u00ec shang.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The glass fell and broke on the ground.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b) If there is a location, then \u5728 (z\u00e0i) should be used before the verb, adjective or subject.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728 + location + verb\/adj\/sub<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u753b\u753b\u5728\u5899\u4e0a\u3002\u00d7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u5899\u4e0a\u753b\u753b<\/a>\u3002\u221a (z\u00e0i qi\u00e1ng sh\u00e0ng hu\u00e0 hu\u00e0)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Draw on the wall.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When certain verbs are used with a time phrase, \u5728 (z\u00e0i) is used after the verb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When expressing time appear\/disappear and some other not obvious action, \u5728 (z\u00e0i) is used after the verb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here are some examples of verbs that come before \u5728 (z\u00e0i):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Monosyllabic Verbs: \u751f<\/a> (sh\u0113ng), \u6b7b<\/a> (s\u01d0), \u5b9a<\/a> (d\u00ecng), \u6539<\/a> (g\u01cei), \u653e<\/a> (f\u00e0ng), \u6392<\/a> (p\u00e1i)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bigrams: \u51fa\u751f<\/a> (ch\u016b sh\u0113ng), \u8bde\u751f<\/a> (d\u00e0n sh\u0113ng), \u53d1\u751f<\/a> (f\u0101 sh\u0113ng), \u51fa\u73b0<\/a> (ch\u016b xi\u00e0n), \u53d1\u73b0<\/a> (f\u0101 xi\u00e0n), \u5e03\u7f6e<\/a> (b\u00f9 zh\u00ec), \u5b89\u6392<\/a> (\u0101n p\u00e1i), \u786e\u5b9a<\/a> (qu\u00e8 d\u00ecng), \u56fa\u5b9a<\/a> (g\u00f9 d\u00ecng).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u516d\u5e74\u751f\u3002\u00d7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u751f\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u516d\u5e74<\/a>\u3002\u221a (sh\u0113ng z\u00e0i y\u012b ji\u01d4 ji\u01d4 li\u00f9 ni\u00e1n)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Born in 1996.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u4e0b\u5468\uff0c\u8003\u8bd5\u5b89\u6392\u3002\u00d7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8003\u8bd5\u5b89\u6392\u5728\u4e0b\u5468<\/a>\u3002\u221a (k\u01ceo sh\u00ec \u0101n p\u00e1i z\u00e0i xi\u00e0 zh\u014du)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The exam is arranged for next week.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For other most verbs, \u5728 (z\u00e0i) is generally used before verb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Localizer missing at the end of a \u5728 (z\u00e0i) sentence<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

When \u5728 (z\u00e0i) is used to express location or scope, there should be a localizer at the end of the sentence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728 + object + location<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u2026\u4e2d<\/a> (z\u00e0i…zh\u014dng)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u2026\u4e0a<\/a> (z\u00e0i…sh\u00e0ng)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u2026\u65b9\u9762<\/a> (z\u00e0i…f\u0101ng mi\u00e0n)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"zai<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u676f\u5b50\u5728\u684c\u5b50\u3002\u00d7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u676f\u5b50\u5728\u684c\u5b50\u4e0a<\/a>\u3002\u221a (b\u0113i zi z\u00e0i zhu\u014d zi sh\u00e0ng)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The glass is on the table.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u94b1\u5305\u653e\u5728\u53e3\u888b\u3002\u00d7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u94b1\u5305\u653e\u5728\u53e3\u888b\u91cc<\/a>\u3002\u221a (qi\u00e1n b\u0101o f\u00e0ng z\u00e0i k\u01d2u d\u00e0i l\u01d0)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The wallet is inside of the pocket.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Time noun phrase missing at the end of a \u5728 (z\u00e0i) sentence<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"zai<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

When \u5728 (z\u00e0i) expresses time, there should be \u7684\u65f6\u5019<\/a> (de sh\u00ed h\u00f2u) at the end. \u7684\u65f6\u5019 (de sh\u00ed h\u00f2u) can be used to mean \u2018when\u2019 or \u2018at that time\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728 + time phrase + \u7684\u65f6\u5019<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u6691\u5047\uff0c\u6211\u53bb\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002\u00d7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u6691\u5047\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u53bb\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd<\/a>\u3002\u221a (z\u00e0i sh\u01d4 ji\u00e0 de sh\u00ed h\u00f2u, w\u01d2 q\u00f9 le m\u011bi gu\u00f3.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During the summer holiday, I went to the USA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Exercises<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Translate the English sentence into Chinese:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Don\u2019t write your name in the book.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. The time of the meeting has been changed to tomorrow morning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. People are used to eating rice in the south of China.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Post your sentences below. The answers can be found in the comment section of You & Me. This & That: Pronouns in Chinese<\/a>!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The \u5728 (z\u00e0i) character has several different uses, and since it\u2019s a character that will appear soon after you begin learning Chinese, it\u2019s a good idea to get yourself accustomed to its different functions. Most of them have to do with location, as primarily, \u5728 (z\u00e0i) is used to express the phrase \u2018to be located\u2026\u2019… Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5582,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[142,3],"tags":[233,274],"class_list":["use-editor no-single","post-5576","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-learner-tips","tag-grammar","tag-location"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe Different Uses of \u5728 zai in Chinese<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn how to use \u5728 zai in Chinese by following the simple sentence patterns and example sentences. 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